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Thermomechanical Energy Conversion and Storage for Cooling and Heating Decarbonisation: A Thirty-Year Journey of Technology Development
The paper outlines how improvements to the efficiency of liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems used for large-scale electricity storage can be made by utilising some of the heat of compression to provide heat recovery and cold recovery for use in the end user cold chain. Composite phase change materials (CPCMs) can be used to reduce the run time and carbon emissions of refrigeration units in the cold transport containers. The paper describes the latest developments in the technology that can shorten the charge time and make it easier to use off-peak cheap low carbon electricity to charge the CPCM modules. The paper also describes the latest research and pilot systems for the optimisation of thermochemical energy storage systems that can provide useful cooling from low grade waste heat from solar collectors or industrial plant.
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